Ordered by Date - most recent first 

Bunn WB, Baver RS, Ehni TK, Stowers AD, Taylor DD, Holloway AM, Duong D, Pikelny DB, Sotolongo D. Impact of a musculoskeletal disability management program on medical costs and productivity in a large manufacturing company. American Journal of Managed Care 2007:12 special issue, SP27-32.

Goetzel RG, Shechter D, Ozminkowski RJ, Reyes M, Marmet PF, Tabrizi M, Chung Roemer E.  Critical success factors to employer health and productivity management efforts:  Findings from a benchmarking study.  Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine (in press).

Ozminkowski RJ, Burton WN, Goetzel RZ, Maclean R, Wang S.  The impact of rheumatoid arthritis on medical expenditures, absenteeism, and short-term disability benefits.  Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 48(2):135-148, 2006.

Ozminkowski RJ, Goetzel RZ, Wang F, Gibson TB, Shechter D, Musich S, Bender J, Edington DW.  The Savings Gained From Participation in Health Promotion Programs for Medicare Beneficiaries. Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine. 2006 Nov;48(11):1125-1132.

Chapman L.  Meta-evaluation of worksite health promotion economic return studies:  2005 update.  The Art of Health Promotion, July / August, 2005.

Finkelstein E, Fiebelkorn C, Wang G. The costs of obesity among full-time employees. American Journal of Health Promotion. 2005;20:45-51.

Gibson TB, Ozminkowski RJ, Goetzel RZ.  The Effects of Prescription Drug Cost-Sharing: A Review of the Evidence.  American Journal of Managed Care, 11:11, November 2005, 730-740.

Goetzel RZ.  Better outcomes through health and productivity management.  Managed Care. 2005 Oct;14(10 Suppl):28-36; discussion 36-7.

Goetzel, R.Z., Ozminkowski, R.O., Baase, C.M., Billotti, G.M.  Estimating the Return-on-Investment From Changes in Employee Health Risks on the Dow Chemical Company’s Health Care Costs.  Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine.  47:8, 759-768, August 2005.

Lakdawalla DN, Goldman DP, Shang B. The health and cost consequences of obesity among the future elderly. Health Aff (Millwood). 2005;24 Suppl 2:W5R30-41

Lynch WD, Chikamoto Y, Imai K, Lin TF, Kenkel DS, Ozminkowski RJ, Goetzel RZ.  "The association between health risks and medical expenditures in a Japanese corporation."  American Journal of Health Promotion, 19:3, 238-248, January/February, 2005.

Matson Koffman DM, Goetzel RZ, Anwuri VV, Shore KK, Orenstein D, LaPier T. Heart Healthy and Stroke Free:  Successful Business Strategies to Prevent Cardiovascular Disease.  American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 2005:29 (5S1), 113-121.

Montejano L, Goetzel RZ, Ozminkowski RJ.  “Impact of bipolar disorder on Employers:  Rationale for Workplace Interventions.”  Disease Management and Health Outcomes.  2005; 13(4): 267-280.

Rizzo J. A., Ozminkowski, R.J., Goetzel R.Z. Prescription to Over-the-Counter Switching of Drugs: Methodological Issues and Implications for Non-Sedating Antihistamines.  Disease Management & Health Outcomes.  2005, vol. 13, no. 2, pp. 83-92(10).

vanVonno, CJ, Ozminkowski RJ, Smith MW, Thomas EG, Kelley D, Goetzel RZ, Berg GD, Jain SK, Walker DR.  What Can a Pilot Congestive Heart Failure Disease Management Program Tell Us about Likely Return on Investment?  A Case Study from a Program Offered to Federal Employees.  Disease Management, Dec 2005, Vol. 8, No. 6: 346-360.

Bean JF, Vora A, Frontera WR. Benefits of exercise for community-dwelling older adults. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 2004; 85(7 Supppl 3): S31-42.

Cummins CO, Evers KE, Johnson JL, Paiva A, Prochaska JO, Prochaska JM. Assessing stage of change and informed decision making for Internet participation in health promotion and disease management. Managed Care Interface 2004 ;17(8):27-32.

Fried LP, Carlson MC, Freedman M, Frick KD, Glass TA, Hill J, et al. A social model for health promotion for an aging population: Initial evidence on the experience corps model. Journal of Urban Health 2004;81:64-78.

Goetzel R.Z. Long S.R., Ozminkowski R.J., Hawkins K., Wang S., Lynch W.  Health, absence, disability and presenteeism cost estimates of certain physical and mental health conditions affecting U.S. employers.  Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, April 2004; 46:4, 398-412.

Goetzel, R.Z. Policy and Practice Working Group Background Paper.  Examining the Value of Integrating Occupational Health and Safety and Health Promotion Programs in the Workplace.  Steps to a Healthier US Workforce Symposium.  NIOSH.  Washington, DC, October 26, 2004.

Heffler S, Smith S, Keehan S, et al. (2004) Health spending projections through 2013. Health Affairs, 11 February 2004, content.healthaffairs.org/cgi/content/abstract/hlthaff.w4.79 (12 February 2004).

Hunter GR, McCarthy JP, Mamman MM. Effects of resistance training on older adults. Sports Medicine 2004;34:329-48.

Jensen GL, Roy MA, Buchanan AE, Berg MB. Weight loss intervention for obese older women: improvements in performance and function. Obesity Research. 2004;12(11):1814-20.

Knoops KT, de Groot LC, Kromhout D, et al. Mediterranean diet, lifestyle factors, and 10-year mortality in elderly European men and women.  Journal of the American Medical Association 2004;292:1433-9.

Ozminkowski RJ, Goetzel RZ, Chang S, Long S.  “The application of two health and productivity instruments at a large employer.”  Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 46(7), 635-648, July 2004.

Penedo FJ, Dahn JR, Molton I, Gonzalez JS, Kinsinger D, Roos BA, et al. Cognitive-behavioral stress management improves stress-management skills and quality of life in men recovering from treatment of prostate carcinoma. Cancer 2004;100:192-200.

Penedo FJ, Schneiderman N, Dahn JR, et al. Physical activity interventions in the elderly: Cancer and comorbidity. Cancer Investigation 2004; 22(1):51-67.

Taylor AH, Cable NT, Faulkner G, Hillsdon M, Narici M, Van Der Bij AK. Physical activity and older adults: a review of health benefits and the effectiveness of interventions. Journal of Sports Sciences. 2004 Aug;22(8):703-25.

Tidwell L, Holland SK, Greenberg J, Malone J, Mullan J, Newcomer R. Community-based nurse health coaching and its effect on fitness participation.  Lippincotts Case Management 2004;9(6):267-79.

Appel DW, Aldrich TK. Smoking cessation in the elderly. Clinical Gerontologist 2003;19:77-100.

Conn VS, Minor MA, Burks KJ, Rantz MJ, Pomeroy SH. Integrative review of physical activity intervention research with aging adults. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society 2003;51:1159-68.

Goetzel R.Z., Ozminkowski RJ, Long SR.  Development and Reliability Analysis of the Work Productivity Short Inventory (WPSI) Instrument Measuring Employee Health and Productivity.  Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 45:7, July 2003, 743-762.

Goetzel, R.Z., Hawkins, K, Ozminkowski, R.J., Wang, S.  The Health and Productivity Cost Burden of the “Top 10” Physical and Mental Health Conditions Affecting Six Large U.S. Employers in 1999.  Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 45:1, 5-14, January 2003.

Goulding MR, Rogers ME, Smith SM. (2003). Public health and aging: Trends in aging—United States and worldwide. Journal of the American Medical Association, 289(11): 1371-1373.

Hedlund J, Christenson B, Lundbergh P, Örtqvist Å. Effects of a large-scale intervention with influenza and 23-valent pneumococcal vaccines in elderly people: A 1-year follow up. Vaccine 2003;21:3906-11.

Liberman SM, Lee J, Anderson T, et al.  (2003) Reducing the growth of Medicare spending: Geographic versus patient-based strategies.”  Health Affairs Web Exclusive.  10 December 2003.  DOI 10.1377/hlthaff.W3.603, W3-603-613. 

Lord SR, Castell S, Corcoran J, Dayhew J, Matters B, Shan A, et al. The effect of group exercise on physical functioning and falls in frail older people living in retirement villages:  A randomized, controlled trial. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society 2003;51:1685-92.

Lubitz J, Cai L, Kramarow E, et al.  Health, life expectancy, and health care spending among the elderly.  New England Journal of Medicine, 2003; 349; 11, 1048-1055.

Omenn GS. (2003). Historical and Current Policy Issues in Establishing Coverage For Clinical Preventive Services Under Medicare. In A Better Medicare for Healthier Seniors: Recommendations to Modernize Medicare's Prevention Policies. Washington, DC: Partnership for Prevention.

Ozminkowski RJ, Goetzel R.Z., Long SR.  A Validity Analysis of the Work Productivity Short Inventory (WPSI) Instrument Measuring Employee Health and Productivity.  Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 45:11, November 2003, 1183-1195.

Schnelle JF, Kapur K, Alessi C, Osterweil D, Beck JG, Al-Samarrai NR, et al. Does an exercise and incontinence intervention save healthcare costs in a nursing home population? Journal of the American Geriatrics Society 2003;51:161-68.

Stear S. Health and fitness series--1. The importance of physical activity for health. Journal of Family Health Care. 2003;13(1):10-3.

Thomas, P., Goetzel, R.Z., Ozminkowski, R.J., Kassabian, V.S., and Schutt, D.C.  Results of a Man’s Urological Health Screening Program at Lockheed Martin Aeronautical Systems.  Disease Management and Health Outcomes, 2003, 11:3, 181-189.

Clark PG, Nigg CR, Greene G, Riebe D, Saunders SD; Study of Exercise and Nutrition in Older Rhode Islanders Project Team. The Study of Exercise and Nutrition in Older Rhode Islanders (SENIOR): Translating theory into research. Health Education Research. 2002 Oct;17(5):552-61.

Fielding JE and Long PV. Increasing use of clinical preventive services among Medicare beneficiaries. Partnership for Prevention, A better Medicare for Healthier Seniors: Recommendations to modernize Medicare. Report funded by the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation, Washington: 2002.

Flynn MA, Baker AS, Nolph GB, Krause G. Longitudinal study of effects of alcohol use and/or personal exercise on high density lipoprotein cholesterol in aging humans. Journal of Nutrition, Health and Aging 2002;6(3):167-70.

Fries JF. (2002). Reducing disability in older age. The Journal of the American Medical Association, 288(24): 3164.

Goetzel, R.Z., Ozminkowski, R.J., Bruno, J.A., Rutter, K.R., Isaac, F., and Wang, S.  The Long Term Impact of Johnson & Johnson’s Heath & Wellness Program on Employee Health Risks.  Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 44:5, May 2002, 417-424.

Goetzel, R.Z., Ozminkowski, R.J., Sederer, L.I., and Mark, T.L Working With Depression, Part I: The Case for Quality Mental Health Services.  Business and Health, August 1, 2002.

Goetzel, R.Z., Ozminkowski, R.J., Sederer, L.I., and Mark, T.L Working with Depression, Part II: Finding and Funding Effective Treatment.  Business and Health, August 1, 2002

Goetzel, R.Z., Ozminkowski, R.J., Sederer, L.I., and Mark, T.L.  The Business Case for Quality Mental Health Services: Why Employers Should Care About the Health and Well-Being of Their Employees.  Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 44:4, April 2002, 320-330.

Himes C.  Assessing America’s health risks: How well are Medicare’s clinical preventive services benefits serving America’s seniors? How will the next generation of preventive medical treatments be incorporated and promoted in the health care system?  : Hearings before the Subcommittee on Health of the House Committee on Energy and Commerce, 107th Congress, 2nd Session (May 23, 2002).

Luskin F, Reitz M, Newell K, Quinn TG, Haskell W. A controlled pilot study of stress management training of elderly patients with congestive heart failure. Preventive Cardiology 2002;5:168-172.

Ozminkowski, R.J., Ling, D., Goetzel, R.Z., Bruno, J.A., Rutter, K.R., Isaac, F., and Wang, S.  The Long Term Impact of Johnson & Johnson’s Heath & Wellness Program on Health Care Utilization and Expenditures.  Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 44:1, January 2002, 21-29.

Taylor DH, Hasselblad V, Henley J, Thun MJ, Sloan FA. Benefits of smoking cessation for longevity. American Journal of Public Health 2002;92:990-96.

Thomas, P., Goetzel, R.Z., Ozminkowski, R.J., Kassabian V.S., Schutt, D.C. “If Men Won’t Go To Doctors…”  Business and Health, June 19, 2002.

Chernoff R. Nutrition and health promotion in older adults. Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences 2001;56:47-53.

Christmas C, Andersen RA. Exercise and older patients: guidelines for the clinician. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society. 2001, 48(3):318-324

Ehsani AA. Exercise in patients with hypertension. American Journal of Geriatric Cardiology 2001;10(5):253-9, 273.

Goetzel, R.Z.  An Introduction to the Employer Perspective Section of the Special Issue of the American Journal of Health Promotion.  A Corporate Perspective: Reflections from the Economic Buyer of Health Promotion Programs.  American Journal of Health Promotion, May/June, 2001, 15:5.

Goetzel, R.Z.  The Financial Impact of Health Promotion and Disease Prevention Programs – Why Is It So Hard to Prove Value?  American Journal of Health Promotion, May/June, 2001, 15:5.

King A.  Interventions to promote physical activity by older adults.  Journals of Gerontology: Series A. 2001: 56A (special issue II): 36-46.

Kokkinos PF, Narayan P, Papademetriou V. Exercise as hypertension therapy. Cardiology Clinics 2001;19(3):507-16.

Pelletier K.  A review and analysis of the clinical-and cost-effectiveness studies of comprehensive health promotion and disease prevention programs at the worksite: 1998-2000 update.  American Journal of Health Promotion, 2001; 16:2, 107-116.

Seeman TE, McEwen BS, Rowe JW, et al. Allostatic load as a marker of cumulative biological risk: MacArthur Studies of Successful Aging. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 2001 Apr 10; 98(8):4770–5.

Galloway MT, Jokl P. Aging successfully: the importance of physical activity in maintaining health and function. Journal of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons. 2000;8(1):37-44.

Costakis CE, Dunnagan T, Haynes G. The relationship between the stages of exercise adoption and other health behaviors.  American Journal of Health Promotion 1999;14(1):22-30.

Knight S, Bermingham MA, Mahajan D. Regular non-vigorous physical activity and cholesterol levels in the elderly. Gerontology 1999; 45(4):213-9.

Ross MC, Bohannon AS, Davis DC, Gurchiek L. The effects of a short-term exercise program on movement, pain, and mood in the elderly. Results of a pilot study. Journal of Holistic Nursing. 1999 Jun;17(2):139-47.

Fries JF, Koop CE, Sokolov J, Beadle CE, Wright D. (1998). Beyond health promotion: Reducing health care costs by reducing need and demand for health care.  Health Affairs, 17:70-84.

King, A, Rejeski J, Buchner, D. (1998). Physical activity interventions targeting older adults: A critical review and recommendations. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 15(4): 316-333.

Aldana S. A six year follow-up of the effect of a worksite health promotion program on health care costs. In press, 1996.  

Chapman L. Proof Positive: analysis of the cost-effectiveness of wellness, Third Edition. 1996: Summex Corporation, P.O. Box 55056 Seattle, WA 98155.  

Diabetes Control and Complications Trial Research Group. Lifetime benefits and costs of intensive therapy as practiced in the diabetes control and complications trial. JAMA 1996;276(17):1409-1514. 

Emanuel E. Cost savings at the end of life. JAMA 1996;275(24):1907-1914. 

Fuchs V. Economics, values, and health care reform. The American Economic Review 1996;86(1):1-24. 

Greenwood M, Henritz J. Coorscreen: A low-cost, on-site mammography screening program. Am J Health Promotion 1996;10(5):364-370. 

Hoffman C, Rice D, Sungh H. Persons with chronic conditions. JAMA 1996;276(18):1473-1479. 

Pelletier K. A review and analysis of the health and cost-effective outcome studies of comprehensive health promotion and disease prevention programs at the worksite: 1993-1995 Update. Am J Health Promotion 1996;10(5):380-388. 

Shalowitz M, Heaton A. Cost effectiveness of risk reduction: The managed care perspective. Am J Med 1996;101:4A-71S - 4A-75S. 

Smith S. Symposium on coronary and other vascular disease. Guest commentary. Am J Med 1996;101:4A-5S. 

Warner K, Smith R, Smith D, Fries B. Health and economic implications of a work-site smoking-cessation program: A simulation analysis. JOEM 1996;38(10):981-992. 

Byers T, Mullis R, Anderson J, Dusenbury L, Gorsky R, Kimber C. The cost and effects of a nutritional education program following work-site cholesterol screening. Am J Public Health 1995;85:650-655. 

Messer J, Stone W. Worksite fitness and health promotion benefit-cost analysis: A tutorial, review of literature, and assessment of the state of the art. AWHP'S Worksite Health 1995. Summer 1995:34-43. 

Sobel D. Rethinking medicine: Improving health outcomes with cost-effective psychosocial interventions. Psychosom Med 1995;57:234-244. 

Vickery D, Lynch W. Demand management: Enabling patients to use medical care appropriately. JOEM 1995;37(5):1-7. 

Aldana S, Jacobson B, Harris C, Kelley P, Stone W. Influence of a mobile worksite health promotion program on health-care costs. Am J Prev Med 1994;9(6):378-382.  

Conti D, Burton W. The economic impact of depression in a workplace. J Occup Med 1994;36:981-983. 

Edward E, Koblin W, Irvine J, Legare J, Logan A. Small, blue collar work site hypertension screening: a cost effectiveness study. J Occup Med 1994;36:346-355. 

Fielding J, Knight K, Mason T, Klesges R, Pelletier K. Evaluation of the IMPACT Blood Pressure Program. J Occup Med 1994;36:743-746. 

Fries J, Harrington H, Edwards R, Kent L, Richardson N. Randomized controlled trial of cost reductions from a health education program: The California Public Employees' Retirement System (PERS) Study. Am J Health Promotion 1994;8(3):216-223.  

Knight K. A evaluation of Duke University's LIVE FOR LIFE health promotion program on changes in worker absenteeism. J Occup Med 1994;36(5):533-534.  

Kogan M, Alexander G, Kotelchuck M, Nagey D. Relation of the content of prenatal care to the risk of low birth weight. JAMA 1994;271(17):1340-1345. 

Salina D, Jason L, Heckker D, Kaufman J, Lesondak L, McMahon S. A follow-up of a media-based, worksite smoking cessation program. Am J Commun Psychol 1994;22:257-261. 

Shephard R. Exercise and reduced health-care costs: a substantial dividend of primary preventive programs. J Cardiopulmonary Rehabil 1994;14:161-165. 

Towers A, Kishchuk N, Sylvestre M, Peters C, Bourgault C. A qualitative investigation of organizational issues in an alcohol awareness program for blue-collar workers. Am J Health Promot 1994;9:56-64. 

Anthem Health Systems Inc. Staying alive and well at Reynolds Electrical & Engineering Co., Inc. 1993. 

Bertera R. Behavioral risk factor and illness day changes with workplace health promotion: Two-year results. Am J Health Promotion 1993;7(5):365-373.  

Breslow L, Breslow N. Health practices and disability: Some evidence from Alameda County. Prev Med 1993;22:86-95. 

Fries J, Bloch D, Harrington H, Richardson N, Beck R. Two-year results of a randomized controlled trial of a health promotion program in a retiree population: The Bank of America Study. Am J Med 1993;94(5):455-462.  

Fries J, Koop C, Beadle C, Cooper P, England M. Reduction in health care costs by reduction in need and demand for medical services. N Engl J Med 1993;329:321-325. 

Harvey M, Whitmer R, Hilyer J, Brown K. The impact of a comprehensive medical benefit cost management program for the City of Birmingham: Results at five years. Am J Health Promotion 1993;7(4):296-303.  

Hebert J, Harris D, Sorensen G, Stoddard A, Hunt M, Morris D. A worksite nutrition intervention: Its effects on the consumption of cancer-related nutrients. Am J Public Health 1993;83(3):391-394. 

Heirich M, Foote A, Erfurt J, Konopka B. Worksite physical fitness programs: comparing the impact of different program designs on cardiovascular risks. J Occup Med 1993;35:510-517. 

Jeffery R. Effects of work-site health promotion on illness-related absenteeism. J Occup Med 1993;35(11):1142-1146.  

Jeffery R, Forster J, French S, et al. The healthy worker project: A work-site intervention for weight control and smoking cessation. Am J Public Health 1993;83(3):395-401. 

Lorig K, Mazonson P, Holman H. Evidence suggesting that health education for self-management in patients with chronic arthritis has sustained health benefits while reducing health care costs. Arthritis Rheum 1993;36(4):439-446. 

McGinnis J, Foege W. Actual causes of death in the United States. JAMA 1993;270(19):2207-2212. 

Pelletier K. A review and analysis of the health and cost-effective outcome studies of comprehensive health promotion and disease prevention programs at the worksite: 1991-1993 Update. Am J Health Promotion 1993;8(1):50-62. 

Sciacca J, Seehafer R, Reed R, Mulvaney D. The impact of participation in health promotion on medical costs: A reconsideration of the Blue Cross and Blue Shield of Indiana study. Am J Health Promotion 1993;7(5):374-395.  

Shi L. A cost-benefit analysis of California county's back injury prevention program. Public Health Rep 1993;108(2):204-211. 

Shi L. Worksite health promotion and changes in medical care use and sick days. J Health Behav Educ Promot 1993;17:9-17. 

Shi L. Health promotion, medical care use, and costs in a sample of worksite employees. Eval Rev 1993;12:475-487. 

Wachtel T. The connection between health promotion and health-care costs: does it matter? Am J Med 1993;94:451-454. 

Fries J, Fries S, Parcell C, Harrington H. Health risk changes with a low-cost individualized health promotion program: effects at up to 30 months. Am J Health Promotion 1992;6(5):364-371.  

Golaszewski T, Snow D, Lynch W, Yen L, Solomita D. A benefit-to-cost analysis of a worksite health promotion program. J Occup Med 1992;34(12):1164-1172.  Preprint: Traveler's Companies (attn: David Snow), One Tower Square, Corporate Benefits 1-30 cr, Hartford, CT 06183 (203) 954-0456 

Graboys T, Biegelsen B, Lampert S. Half of all angiographies are unnecessary. JAMA 1992;268:2537-2540. 

Henritze J, Brammell H, McGloin J. LIFECHECK: A successful, low touch, low tech, in-plant, cardiovascular disease risk identification and modification program. Am J Health Promotion 1992;7(2):129-136.  

Hodgson T. Cigarette smoking and lifetime medical expenditures. Milbank Q 1992;70(1):81-115. 

Iglehart J. Health policy report: The American health care system-managed care. N Engl J Med 1992;327(10):742-747. 

Leigh J, Fries J. Health habits, health care use, and costs in a sample of retirees. Inquiry 1992;29:44-54. 

Leigh J, Richardson N, Beck R, et al. Randomized controlled trial of a senior health promotion program: The Bank of America Study. Arch Intern Med 1992;152(6):1201-1206.  

Locke S, Kowaloff H, Hoff R, et al. Computer-based interview for screening blood donors for risk of HIV transmission. JAMA 1992;268(10): 1301-1305. 

Pilote L, Thomas R, Dennis C, et al. Return to work after uncomplicated myocardial infarction: A randomized clinical trial of practice guidelines in a community setting. Ann Intern Med 1992;117:383-389. 

Shephard R. A critical analysis of worksite fitness programs and their postulated economic benefits. Med Sci Sports Exerc 1992;24(3):354-370. 

Shephard R. Twelve years experience of a fitness program for the Salaried Employees of a Toronto Life Assurance Company. Am J Health Promotion 1992;6(4):292-301.  

Sorensen G, Morris D, Hunt M. Work-site nutrition intervention and employees' dietary habits: The treatwell program. Am J Public Health 1992;82(6):877-880. 

Wasson J, Gaudette C, Whaley F, Sauvigne A, Baribeau P, Welch H. Telephone care as a substitute for routine clinic follow-up. JAMA 1992;267(13):1788-1793. 

Wheat J, Graney M, Schachtman R, Ginn G, Patrick D, Hulka B. Does workplace health promotion decrease medical claims? Am J Prev Med 1992;8:110-114. 

Whitmer R. The city of Birmingham's wellness partnership contains medical costs. Business & Health (March) 1992;10(7):60-66. 

Wilson M, Edmunson J, DeJoy D. Cost-effectiveness of work-site cholesterol screening and intervention programs. J Occup Med 1992;34(6): 642-649. 

Zwerling C, Ryan J. Pre-employment drug screening: The epidemiologic issues. J Occup Med 1992;34(6):595-599. 

Bertera R. The effects of behavioral risks on absenteeism and health care costs in the workplace. J Occup Med 1991;33(11):1119-1124. 

Brealey R, Myers S. Principles of Corporate Finance. 1991, New York: McGraw-Hill. 

Burton W, Conti D. Value-managed mental health benefits. J Occup Med 1991;33(3):311-313. 

Burton W, Erickson D, Briones J. Women's health programs at the workplace. J Occup Med 1991;33(3):349-350. 

Burton W, Hoy D, Stephens M. A computer-assisted health care cost management system. J Occup Med 1991;3(3):268-271. 

Erfurt J, Foote A, Heirich M. The cost-effectiveness of work-site wellness programs for hypertension control, weight loss, and smoking cessation. J Occup Med 1991;33(9):962-970.  

Erfurt J, Foote A, Heirich M. Worksite wellness program: Incremental comparison of screening and referral alone, health education follow-up counseling, and plant organization. Am J Health Promotion 1991;5(6):438-448. 

Foote A, Erfurt J. The benefit-to-cost ratio of worksite blood-pressure control programs. JAMA 1991;265(10):1283-1286. 

Greco P, Schulman K, Lavisso-Mourey R, Flaschen JH. The patient self-determination act and the future of advance directives. Ann Intern Med 1991;115:639-643. 

Haskell W, Aldermann E, Fair J, et al. Beneficial angiographic and clinic response to multifactor modification in the Stanford Coronary Risk Intervention Project (SCRIP). Circulation 1991;84(4):140. 

Lynch W, Teitelbaum H, Main D. The inadequacy of using means to compare medical costs of smokers and nonsmokers. Am J Health Promotion 1991;6(2):123-129. 

Manning W, Keeler E, Newhouse J, Sloss E, Wassermann J. The costs of poor health habits. 1991, Cambridge Massachusetts: Harvard University Press. 223. 

Milliman and Robertson Inc. Analysis of medically unnecessary health care consumption. 1991. 8: p. 1-2. (Original available from Milliman and Robertson, Inc., Suite 3800, 1301 Fifth Avenue, Seattle, WA 98101-2605 (206-624-7490) 

Pelletier K. A review and analysis of health and cost-effective outcome studies of comprehensive health promotion and disease prevention programs. Am J Health Promotion 1991;5(4):311-313. 

Rosen R, Berger L. The Healthy Company: Eight strategies to develop people, productivity, and profits. 1991, Los Angeles: J.P. Tarcher. 

Yen L, Edington D, Witting P. Associations between health risk appraisal scores and employee medical claims costs in a manufacturing company. Am J Health Promotion 1991;6(1):46-54. 

Goetzel R, Thorpe K, Fielding J, et al. Customcare - a managed health care plan - summary of evaluation results, in . 1990 (in progress), South-western Bell Corporation. 

Barry P, DeFriese G. Cost-benefit and cost-effectiveness analysis of health promotion programs. Am J Health Promotion, 1990. 4(6): p. 448-452. 

Bertera R. The effects of workplace health promotion on absenteeism and employee costs in a large industrial population. Am J Public Health 1990;80(9):1101-1105.  

Bertera R. Planning and implementing health promotion in the workplace: A case study of the DuPont company experience. Health Educ Q 1990;17(3):307-327. 

Bertera R, Oehl L, Telepchak J. Self-help versus group approaches to smoking cessation in the workplace: Eighteen-month follow-up and cost analysis. Am J Health Promotion 1990;4(3):187-192. 

Breslow L, Fielding J, Herman A, Wilbur C. Worksite health promotion: Its evolution and the Johnson & Johnson experience. Prev Med 1990;19:13-21. 

Conrad K. Effect of worksite health promotion programs on employee absenteeism. AAOHN 1990;38(12):573-580.  

Farquhar J, Fortmann S, Flora J, et al. Effects of community wide education on cardiovascular disease risk factors: The Stanford Five-City Project. JAMA 1990;264(3):359-365. 

Holzbach R, Piserchia P, McFadden D, Hartwell T, Herrmann A, Fielding J. Effort of a comprehensive health promotion program on employee attitudes. J Occup Med 1990;32(10):973-978. 

Jones R, Bly J, Richardson J. A study of work-site health promotion programs and absenteeism. J Occup Med 1990;32(2):95-99.  

Leaf A, Ryan T. Prevention of coronary artery disease: A medical imperative. N Engl J Med 1990;323(20):1416-1419. 

Lynch W, Golaszewski T, Clearie A, Snow D, Vickery D. Impact of a facility-based corporate fitness program on the number of absences from work due to illness. J Occup Med 1990;32(9):9-12.  

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